Editorship

Editors play a central role in maintaining the academic quality and integrity of the journal. They are responsible for making independent, unbiased, and evidence-based decisions regarding manuscript acceptance or rejection based on originality, scientific rigor, clarity, and relevance.

Editors must ensure a fair, timely, and confidential peer review process. They are required to avoid conflicts of interest and must recuse themselves when any personal, professional, or financial relationships may influence their judgment.

They also oversee ethical compliance and take appropriate action in cases of suspected misconduct.

Ethics

The journal enforces strict ethical standards across all stages of publication. Authors must submit original work that has not been published or submitted elsewhere and must properly acknowledge all sources and contributions.

Unethical practices such as data fabrication, falsification, manipulation of results, or misrepresentation are strictly prohibited and may result in rejection or retraction.

All stakeholders are expected to uphold ethical conduct throughout the research and publication process.

Transparency & Best Practice

The journal is dedicated to transparency in editorial processes, peer review, authorship, and publication decisions. All policies are clearly defined and publicly accessible.

Editorial independence is strictly maintained, ensuring decisions are not influenced by financial, institutional, or external pressures.

Plagiarism

The journal maintains a strict zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism in any form. All manuscripts are screened using reliable plagiarism detection tools prior to peer review.

Plagiarism includes copying text, ideas, data, or results without proper attribution, as well as self-plagiarism or redundant publication.

• All submitted work must be original and unpublished
• Proper citation of all sources is mandatory
• Duplicate submission is strictly prohibited
• Previously published material must be clearly acknowledged

Conflict of Interest

All participants in the publication process must disclose any potential conflicts of interest, including financial, institutional, or personal relationships.

Transparent disclosure ensures fairness, objectivity, and trust in editorial and peer review decisions.

Informed Consent

For research involving human participants, authors must ensure that informed consent has been obtained. Participants must be informed about the purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study.

Consent documentation must be available upon request, and ethical standards for human research must be strictly followed.

Confidentiality

Confidentiality is essential in the publication process. Editors and reviewers must treat all manuscripts as confidential and must not disclose or use unpublished information for personal or professional advantage.

The identities of authors and reviewers are protected under the double-blind peer review system.

Funding Source

Authors are required to disclose all sources of funding, sponsorship, or financial support related to their research.

This ensures transparency and allows readers to assess any potential influence on research outcomes.

Clinical Trials Registration

Where applicable, clinical trials must be registered in a recognized public registry prior to submission. Authors must provide registration details within the manuscript.

Failure to comply may result in rejection of the manuscript.

Human & Animal Research

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with ethical guidelines and institutional regulations. Authors must provide approval from relevant ethics committees or review boards.

Animal studies must ensure humane treatment and adherence to ethical welfare standards.

Appealing Editorial Decisions

Authors have the right to appeal editorial decisions if they believe an error or bias has occurred. Appeals must include clear justification and supporting evidence.

The editorial board reviews appeals objectively and ensures fair resolution.

Citations

Authors must ensure accurate and appropriate citation of all sources used in their research. References must be relevant and properly formatted.

Excessive or misleading citations are discouraged to maintain academic integrity.

Reviewer Suggestions

Authors may suggest potential reviewers or request exclusions due to conflicts of interest. However, final reviewer selection is at the discretion of the editorial board.

The journal ensures reviewer selection is unbiased and based on expertise.

Data Availability

The journal encourages authors to make research data and supporting materials accessible whenever possible.

Data transparency enhances reproducibility, validation, and credibility of research findings.

Post-publication Corrections

The journal is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. Any issues identified after publication are addressed promptly and transparently.

Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect the validity of research are corrected through formal notices linked to the original publication.

Retractions

Articles may be retracted in cases of serious ethical violations such as plagiarism, data fabrication, or fraudulent research.

Retraction notices clearly state the reasons and remain permanently associated with the article.

Expressions of Concern

When serious concerns arise but conclusive evidence is not yet available, the journal may issue an expression of concern to alert readers.

This remains in place while a formal investigation is conducted.